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Differential Age Effects in Semantic and Episodic Memory

^a The University of Akron, Ohio
^b Syracuse University, New York
^c Cleveland State University, Ohio
^d Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina

Philip A. Allen, Department of Psychology, 325D Polsky Building, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-4301 E-mail: paallen{at}uakron.edu.

Decision Editor: Toni C. Antonucci, PhD

Results from 4 experimental tasks and 8 data sets (the 4 tasks involved either multiple sessions or different stimuli) as well as a vocabulary test conducted on the same 80 participants (40 younger and 40 older adults) are reported. The authors employed 2 semantic memory tasks (lexical decision and multiplication verification) using data from 2 sessions (for a total of 4 semantic data sets) and 2 episodic memory tasks (hybrid visual search and memory search with digits and with words as stimuli). Factor analyses using slope and intercept data from the 8 experimental data sets indicated the presence of 3 latent factors: a single intercept factor for both episodic and semantic tasks and separate slope factors for episodic and semantic tasks. A structural equation model with paths from age to 3 different 1st-order latent factors (episodic central processes, semantic central processes, and combined episodic and semantic peripheral processes) fit better than general factor models. These data are consistent with a theoretical framework in which there are age-related dissociations between peripheral and central processes across semantic and episodic memory.