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Spousal Caregiving in Late Midlife Versus Older Ages: Implications of Work and Family Obligations

¹ Brown University Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Providence, Rhode Island.
² Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park.

Address correspondence to Julie Lima, MPH, PhD, Brown University Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, 2 Stimson Avenue, Box G-S1, Providence, RI 02912. E-mail: Julie_Lima{at}brown.edu

Objectives. This study examined life-stage differences in the provision of care to spouses with functional impairment.

Methods. We examined 1,218 married adults aged 52 and older from the 2000 wave of the Health and Retirement Study who received impairment-related help with at least one activity of daily living. We examined the differential likelihood that spouses served as primary caregiver and the hours of care provided by spousal primary caregivers by life stage.

Results. We found that late middle-aged care recipients were more likely than their older counterparts to receive the majority of their care from their spouse but received fewer hours of spousal care, mostly when spouses worked full time. Competing demands of caring for children or parents did not affect the amount of care provided by a spouse.

Discussion. Late middle-aged adults with functional limitations are more likely than older groups to be married and cared for primarily by spouses; however, they may be particularly vulnerable to unmet need for care. As the baby boom generation ages, retirement ages increase, and federal safety nets weaken, people with health problems at older ages may soon find themselves in the same caregiving predicament as those in late middle age.

Key Words: Age differences • Life stage • Caregiving • Spouses • Activities of daily living